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1.
Psicol. conduct ; 32(1): 125-143, Abr 1, 2024. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-232225

RESUMO

El objetivo de esta investigación fue describir el efecto de la depresión, la desesperanza y la impulsividad sobre la orientación al suicidio y el papel de la impulsividad como mediador de la orientación suicida en universitarios con antecedentes de conductas autolesivas. Participaron 1.645 jóvenes entre los 18 y 29 años, de dos ciudades colombianas. Se seleccionaron 218 jóvenes (M= 21,00; DT= 2,99) que informaron de al menos un intento de suicidio en el último año, quienes contestaron el “Inventario de orientación suicida”, la “Escala de desesperanza de Beck”, el “Inventario de depresión de Beck” y la “Escala de impulsividad de Barratt”. La depresión, la desesperanza y la impulsividad explicaron el 63% de la variación de la orientación al suicidio (R2= 0,635; IC 95% [0,555; 0,713]; p= 0,001). La impulsividad medió con depresión en aquellos casos en los que la orientación suicida era alta, cuyos efectos totales, directos e indirectos, fueron estadísticamente significativos (p< 0,001). La impulsividad desempeña un papel mediador entre la depresión y la desesperanza en la predicción de la orientación suicida.(AU)


The aim of this research was to describe the effect of depression,hopelessness, and impulsivity on orientation to suicide and the role of impulsivityas a mediator of suicidal orientation in university students with a history of self-injury behaviors. 1645 young people between 18 and 29 years old participated,from two Colombian cities. 218 young people were selected (M= 21.00; SD= 2.99)who reported at least one suicide attempt in the last year, who answered the“Suicidal Orientation Inventory”, the “Beck Hopelessness Scale”, the “BeckDepression Inventory” and the “Barratt Impulsivity Scale”. Depression,hopelessness, and impulsivity explained 63% of the variation in suicidal orientation (R 2 = .635, IC 95% [.555, .713], p= .001). Impulsivity mediated with depression inthose cases in which suicidal orientation was high, whose total, direct and indirecteffects were statistically significant (p< .001). Impulsivity plays a mediating rolebetween depression and hopelessness in predicting suicidal orientation.K EY WORDS : depression, hopelessness, impulsivity, suicidality, college youth.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Comportamento do Adolescente , Suicídio , Depressão , Comportamento Autodestrutivo , Comportamento Impulsivo , Psicologia do Adolescente , Saúde Mental , Psicologia
2.
Psicothema (Oviedo) ; 36(1): 15-25, 2024. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-229718

RESUMO

Background: Cognitive disinhibition underpins alcohol and drug use problems. Although higher-risk substance use is consistently associated with poorer disinhibition, current findings may be limited by narrow recruitment methods, which over-represent individuals engaged in traditional treatment services with more severe presentations. We embedded a novel gamified disinhibition task (the Cognitive Impulsivity Suite; CIS) in a national online addiction support service (https://www.counsellingonline.org.au). Method: Participants aged 18 to 64 (N = 137; 109 women) completed the Alcohol-Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and Drug Use Disorders Identification Test (DUDIT) along with the CIS, which measures three aspects of disinhibition (Attentional Control, Information-Sampling, and Feedback Monitoring/Shifting). The majority of the sample comprised people with alcohol use, and AUDIT scores were differentiated into ‘higher-risk’ or ‘lower-risk’ groups using latent-class analysis. These classes were then regressed against CIS performance measures. Results: Compared to lower-risk, higher-risk alcohol use was associated with poorer attentional control and feedback monitoring/shifting. While higher-risk alcohol use was associated with slower information accumulation, this was only observed for older adults, who appeared to compensate with a more conservative response criterion. Conclusions: Our results reveal novel relationships between higher-risk alcohol use and specific aspects of disinhibition in participants who sought online addiction help services.(AU)


Antecedentes: El uso de alcohol se asocia a mayor desinhibición, pero estos hallazgos podrían no ser representativos de toda la población ya que predominan estudios en contextos especializados y casos severos. Aquí, incorporamos una nueva batería de evaluación de la desinhibición (Cognitive Impulsivity Suite o CIS) en una web de tratamiento online con acceso a una población más amplia (https://www.counsellingonline.org.au). Método: Participantes de 18 a 64 años (N = 137; 109 mujeres) completaron vía web el “Alcohol-Use Disorders Identification Test” y la CIS, que evalúa tres componentes de la desinhibición (Control Atencional, Acumulación de Información y Monitorización / Cambio). Clasificamos en grupos de alto-riesgo versus bajo-riesgo aplicando un análisis de clases latentes sobre las puntuaciones del AUDIT. Usamos análisis de regresión para asociar las dos clases resultantes con las medidas de la CIS. Resultados: Alto-riesgo en el consumo de alcohol se asoció con peor rendimiento en Control Atencional y Monitorización / Cambio. La pertenencia al grupo de alto-riesgo se asoció con menor eficiencia en la acumulación de información en participantes de mayor edad. Conclusiones: Revelamos nuevas asociaciones entre el consumo de alcohol de riesgo y el rendimiento cognitivo en distintos componentes de la desinhibición en participantes que buscaban asistencia en una web de tratamiento online.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Psicologia , Comportamento Impulsivo , Cognição , Disfunção Cognitiva , Crowdsourcing , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias
3.
Actas esp. psiquiatr ; 51(5): 220-228, Sept.-Oct. 2023. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-228760

RESUMO

Introducción. El objetivo de este trabajo es la creación de índices específicos de las distintas funciones ejecutivas (FE), que permitan comprender de forma más completa y no mediante pruebas aisladas el rendimiento ejecutivo asociado al trastorno límite de la personalidad (TLP). Metodología. 118 pacientes con TLP y 81 controles fueron evaluados con una batería neuropsicológica. Se crearon tres índices de atención, memoria y FE. Las pruebas que forman el índice ejecutivo se agruparon en cuatro índices ejecutivos diferentes: flexibilidad cognitiva, planificación, memoria de trabajo e inhibición de respuesta. Las puntuaciones para cada dominio se obtuvieron a través de las puntuaciones estandarizadas de las pruebas que los componían. Resultados. Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas en los índices de memoria, atención y FE, así como en los diferentes índices ejecutivos de flexibilidad cognitiva, planificación, memoria de trabajo e inhibición de respuesta, entre los pacientes con TLP y los controles. Conclusiones. Este estudio ha permitido la creación de cuatro índices ejecutivos, siendo el primero hasta la fecha en hacerlo. Estos resultados establecen un perfil neurocognitivo del TLP caracterizado por un deterioro ejecutivo específico de la flexibilidad cognitiva, la planificación, la memoria de trabajo y la inhibición de la respuesta. Estos hallazgos avalan que los pacientes con TLP podrían beneficiarse de la aplicación de programas neuropsicológicos, especialmente enfocados en mejorar determinadas FE, y sientan las bases para la investigación de la relación entre estos déficits ejecutivos específicos y ciertas características clínicas del TLP, como diferentes tipos de comportamiento impulsivo y diferentes errores de mentalización. (AU)


Introduction. The objective of this work is the creation of specific indices of the different executive functions (EF), which allow a more complete understanding of the executive performance associated with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and not through isolated tests. Methodology. 118 patients with BPD and 81 controls were evaluated with a neuropsychological battery. Three indices of attention, memory and FE were created. The tests that make up the executive domain were grouped into four different executive indices: cognitive flexibility, planning, working memory, and response inhibition. The batteries for each domain were compared through the standardized batteries of the tests that comprised them. Results. The results showed differences in the memory, attention, and EF indices, as well as in the different executive indices of cognitive flexibility, planning, working memory, and response inhibition, between BPD patients and controls. Conclusions. This study has allowed the creation of four executive indexes, being the first to do so. These results established a neurocognitive profile of BPD characterized by executive-specific impairment of cognitive flexibility, planning, working memory, and response inhibition. These findings support that patients with BPD will benefit from the application of neuropsychological programs, especially focused on improving a certain EF, and lay the foundations for the investigation of the relationship between these specific executive deficits and certain clinical characteristics of BPD, such as different types of Impulsive behavior and different mentalization errors. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Transtorno da Personalidade Borderline/classificação , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Função Executiva/classificação , Neuropsicologia
4.
Interdisciplinaria ; 40(2): 461-477, ago. 2023. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1448505

RESUMO

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer si la temporalidad subjetiva -perspectiva y foco temporales- y la capacidad de autocontrol e impulsividad repercuten en el malestar psicológico, en particular durante la pandemia por COVID-19. La conjetura teórica es que el tiempo psicológico está estrechamente vinculado a la autorregulación, que influye en el desarrollo de la impulsividad y el autocontrol e impacta en el malestar psicológico. Se diseñó un modelo y se realizó un estudio empírico cuantitativo, no experimental y transversal (. = 279; 78 % mujeres; ME = 30.14 años; DE = 11.21). Los resultados del análisis de correlación mostraron relaciones significativas entre las variables de interés. Para determinar las variables predictoras del malestar psicológico se realizó un análisis de regresión lineal múltiple. El 48 % de la varianza del malestar psicológico fue explicado por el pasado negativo, autocontrol e impulsividad, y focos temporales futuro y presente. Finalmente, se probó el modelo teórico diseñado para analizar los efectos directos e indirectos del malestar psicológico a través de un análisis de senderos que presentó un buen ajuste a los datos, ya que explicó el 50 % de la varianza de aquel. La perspectiva y el foco temporal explicaron el 53 % de la variabilidad del autocontrol, y presentaron efectos indirectos sobre el malestar psicológico a través del autocontrol. El autocontrol influyó de manera inversa en el malestar. Los hallazgos indican que el tiempo subjetivo y el autocontrol sirven para explicar estados psicológicos, incluso en pandemia, lo cual confirma estudios previos que muestran la importancia de las variables de personalidad -además de las biológicas y contextuales- en la aparición de malestar psicológico.


Abstract Psychological time is an essential aspect of humans. Two of the most important notions of subjective temporality are time perspective and temporal focus. Time perspective is a process by which the flow of personal and social experiences are framed in five different temporal categories: past negative, past positive, present hedonistic, present fatalistic and future. Temporal focus refers to the attention people devote to thinking about the past, present, and future. Previous research shows there is a strong relation between psychological time and self-regulatory processes, specifically self-control and impulsivity. Self-control is the ability to inhibit impulsive behaviors or reactions that can keep the person from pursuing the proposed goals. On the other hand, impulsivity refers to a short attention span and a tendency to engage in risky behaviors, and to prefer immediate rewards. Both subjective temporality and self-regulatory processes influence behaviors and psychological states such as psychological distress. In particular, the objective of this study was to find out if subjective temporality -time perspective and temporal focus-- and self-control and impulsivity have repercussions on psychological distress, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, in an Argentinian sample. The theoretical conjecture is that subjective temporality is closely linked to self-regulation, which influences the development of impulsivity and self-control, and impacts psychological distress. A quantitative, non-experimental, and cross-sectional empirical study was carried out (. = 279; 78 % women; ME = 30.14 years old; SD = 11.21). Firstly, the results of the correlational analysis showed significant relations between the variables. Then, to facilitate further analyses, an index variable of self-control was created, which included the scores of self-control and three dimensions of impulsivity. An optimal parallel analysis was performed. It indicated the existence of a single dimension. Then a semi-confirmatory factor analysis was ran, which showed acceptable results (KMO = .68; X. (6) = 198.8, . < .001; GFI = .99; RMSR = 0.03). Thirdly, to determine the predictive variables of psychological distress, a multiple linear regression analysis was performed. It was found that 48 % of the variance of psychological distress was explained by negative past, self-control index, and future and present temporal focuses (. (4, 266) = 64.66, . < .001, R. = .49, R. adjusted = .48). The best predictor variable was past negative. Afterwards, a theoretical model was tested to explain the direct and indirect causes of psychological distress. It presented a good fit (X./gl = 1.63; GFI = .99; RMSEA = .04). Time perspective and temporal focus explained 53 % of the variability of self-control and presented indirect effects on psychological distress through self-control. Self-control inversely influenced psychological distress; more self-control generates less psychological distress. The model explained half of the variance of psychological distress (R. = .50). The findings indicate that subjective temporality and self-control explain psychological states, even during a pandemic, which confirms previous studies that show the importance of personality variables -in addition to biological and contextual variables- in the manifestation of psychological distress. The results support the theory that psychological time can be considered as a personality trait underlying self-control and psychological distress. A theoretical and practical discussion of the results is presented.

5.
Actas esp. psiquiatr ; 51(3): 120-129, Mayo - Junio 2023. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-223401

RESUMO

Introducción. La elevada comorbilidad entre el trastorno límite de la personalidad (TLP) y los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA) pone de manifiesto la necesidad de establecer modelos transdiagnósticos, donde la impulsividad podría tener un papel relevante en las manifestaciones dela conducta autolítica. Objetivos: 1) Comparar los niveles de impulsividad y conducta autolítica entre personas con TLP, personas con TCA y controles. 2) Predecir la presencia de conductas autolíticas a partir de la impulsividad y otras variables clínicas relevantes, como la vivencia de acontecimientos traumáticos y la sensibilidad al rechazo. Método. 108 mujeres (23 controles; 29 con diagnóstico de TCA restrictivo (TCAr); 21 con diagnóstico de TCA purgativo (TCAp); y 35 con diagnóstico de TLP) fueron evaluadas a través de la Escala de Impulsividad de Barratt, el Cuestionario para Experiencias Traumáticas y el Cuestionario de Sensibilidad al Rechazo. La información sobre conducta autolítica fue recogida a través de entrevista e historia clínica. Resultados. Se encontraron diferencias en las puntuaciones de impulsividad y conducta autolítica entre los grupos, encontrándose mayor impulsividad en los grupos TLP y TCAp, y mayores índices de conducta autolítica en el grupo TLP seguido de ambos grupos de TCA. Por otro lado, la impulsividad predecía los intentos de suicidio, y junto con la sensibilidad al rechazo interpersonal predecía las autolesiones no suicidas (ANS).Conclusión. La impulsividad es una variable dimensional en el TLP y en los TCA, que a su vez juega un papel relevante en la predicción de las conductas autolíticas. (AU)


Introduction. High comorbidity between borderline personality disorder (BPD) and eating disorders (ED) shows the necessity of developing transdiagnostic models, where impulsivity could play a relevant role in the manifestations ofself-injurious behaviour. Objectives: 1) To compare the levelsof impulsivity and self-injurious behaviour among peoplewith BPD, people with ED and controls. 2) To predict the presence of self-injurious behaviour based on impulsivity andother relevant clinical variables, such as the experience oftraumatic events and sensitivity to rejection. Methods. 108 women (23 controls; 29 with a diagnosis of restrictive ACT (rED); 21 with a diagnosis of purgative ACT(pED); and 35 with a diagnosis of BPD) were assessed usingthe Barratt Impulsivity Scale, the Traumatic Experiences Questionnaire and the Sensitivity to Rejection Questionnaire. Information about self-injurious behaviour was collectedthrough interview and clinical history. Results. Differences in impulsivity and self-injurious behaviour scores were found between the groups, with higherimpulsivity in the BPD and pED groups, and higher rates ofself-injurious behaviour in the BPD group followed by both ED groups. On the other hand, impulsivity predicted suicideattempts, and together with sensitivity to interpersonal rejection predicted nonsuicidal self-harm (NSSH). Conclusion. Impulsivity is a dimensional variable in BPD and ED, which in turn plays a relevant role in the prediction of self-injurious behaviour. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Transtornos da Personalidade/diagnóstico , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/diagnóstico , Tentativa de Suicídio/prevenção & controle , Técnicas e Procedimentos Diagnósticos/psicologia , Diagnóstico
6.
Rev Colomb Psiquiatr (Engl Ed) ; 52(1): 11-19, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36997367

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The spectrum of suicidal behaviour (SB) is nuclear in the clinic and management of borderline personality disorder (BPD). The pathological personality traits of BPD intervene as risk factors for SB in confluence with other clinical and sociodemographic variables associated with BPD. The objective of this work is to evaluate the specific personality traits of BPD that are related to SB. METHODS: A cross-sectional, observational and retrospective study was carried out on a sample of 134 patients diagnosed with BPD according to DSM-5 criteria. The Millon-II, Zuckerman-Kuhlman and Barrat questionnaires were used to assess different personality parameters. Variable comparisons were made using the χ2 test and the Student's t-test. The association between variables was analysed using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were observed between SB and related factors and the neuroticism-anxiety dimension in the Zuckerman-Kuhlman test. It is also significantly related to the phobic and antisocial subscale of the Millon-II. Impulsivity measured with the Zuckerman-Kuhlman and Barrat tests does not appear to be related to SB. CONCLUSIONS: The results presented raise the role of phobic, antisocial and neuroticism traits as possible personality traits of BPD related to SB, suggesting an even greater importance within the relationship between BPD and SB than that of impulsivity. Looking to the future, longitudinal studies would increase the scientific evidence for the specified findings.


Assuntos
Transtorno da Personalidade Borderline , Ideação Suicida , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Neuroticismo , Transtorno da Personalidade Borderline/diagnóstico , Estudos Transversais
7.
Rev. colomb. psiquiatr ; 52(1)mar. 2023.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1536115

RESUMO

Introducción: El espectro de la conducta suicida (CS) es nuclear en la clínica y el tratamiento del trastorno límite de personalidad (TLP). Los rasgos patológicos del TLP intervienen como factores de riesgo de CS en confluencia con otras variables clínicas y sociodemográficas asociadas con el TLP. El objetivo del presente trabajo consiste en evaluar los rasgos de personalidad específicos del TLP que se relacionan con la CS. Métodos: Se realiza un estudio transversal, observacional y retrospectivo, de una muestra de 134 pacientes con diagnóstico de TLP según los criterios del DSM-5. Se utilizan los cuestionarios de Millon-II, Zuckerman-Kuhlman y Barrat para valorar distintos parámetros de la personalidad. Se realizan comparaciones por variables mediante las pruebas de la x2 y de la t de Student. La asociación entre variables se analiza mediante regresión logística multivariada. Resultados: Se objetivan diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre la CS y relacionadas y la dimensión neuroticismo-ansiedad en el test de Zuckerman-Kuhlman. Asimismo se relaciona de manera significativa con la subescala fóbica y antisocial del Millon-II. La impulsividad medida con las pruebas de Zuckerman-Kuhlman y Barrat no aparece relacionada con la CS. Conclusiones: Los resultados presentados plantean el papel de los rasgos fóbicos, antisociales y del neuroticismo como posibles rasgos de personalidad del TLP relacionados con la CS. Incluso se propone una importancia mayor que el de la impulsividad dentro de la relación del TLP con la CS. De cara al futuro, estudios longitudinales permitirían aumentar la evidencia científica de los hallazgos presentados. © 2021 Asociación Colombiana de Psiquiatría. Publicado por Elsevier Espafña, S.L.U. Todos los derechos reservados.


Introduction: The spectrum of suicidal behaviour (SB) is nuclear in the clinic andmanagement of borderline personality disorder (BPD). The pathological personality traits of BPD intervene as risk factors for SB in confluence with other clinical and sociodemographic variables associated with BPD. The objective of this work is to evaluate the specific personality traits of BPD that are related to SB. Methods: A cross-sectional, observational and retrospective study was carried out on a sample of 134 patients diagnosed with BPD according to DSM-5 criteria. The Millon-II, Zuckerman-Kuhlman and Barrat questionnaires were used to assess different personality parameters. Variable comparisons were made using the test and the Student's t-test. The association between variables was analysed using multivariate logistic regression. Results: Statistically significant differences were observed between SB and related factors and the neuroticism-anxiety dimension in the Zuckerman-Kuhlman test. It is also significantly related to the phobic and antisocial subscale of the Millon-II. Impulsivity measured with the Zuckerman-Kuhlman and Barrat tests does not appear to be related to SB. Conclusions: The results presented raise the role of phobic, antisocial and neuroticism traits as possible personality traits of BPD related to SB, suggesting an even greater importance within the relationship between BPD and SB than that of impulsivity. Looking to the future, longitudinal studies would increase the scientific evidence for the specified findings. © 2021 Asociacio´n Colombiana de Psiquiatria. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

8.
Psicol. conduct ; 31(3): 501-523, 2023. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-228377

RESUMO

This research aimed to categorize perpetrator’s aggression as reactive or proactive regarding intimate partner violence and explore the relationship with relevant variables. Victim statements in police reports of 60 predominantly Hispanic male adult perpetrators on probation in South Texas were rated, categorizing statements as reactive or proactive. It was hypothesized that more men would display reactive aggression and it would be associated with severe violence, emotion regulation difficulties, state anger, and impulsivity. The study further suggested that emotion regulation, state anger, and impulsivity would moderate the relationship between severity of violence and reactive/proactive classification, and impulsivity would mediate the relationship between state anger and reactive/proactive classification. Results showed 79% of perpetrators using reactive aggression and 21% using proactive aggression. Men with reactive aggression exhibited more severe violence, emotion regulation difficulties, impulsivity, and state anger. There were no moderation effects of study variables on severity of violence and reactive/proactive classification. Impulsivity fully mediated the relationship between state anger and reactive/proactive classification. Our results support approaches that emphasize reactive aggression in intimate partner violenceperpetration due to its frequency and potential recidivism effects. (AU)


Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo categorizar la agresión del maltratador como reactiva o proactiva en la violencia de pareja y explorar la relación con variables relevantes. Se clasificaron las declaraciones de las víctimas en los informes policiales de 60 hombres adultos agresores predominantemente hispanos en libertad condicional en el sur de Texas, categorizando las declaraciones como reactivas o proactivas. Se hipotetizó que más hombres mostrarían agresión reactiva y que estaría asociada con violencia grave, dificultades en la regulación emocional, ira-estado e impulsividad. El estudio sugirió además que la regulación emocional, la ira-estado y la impulsividad moderarían la relación entre la gravedad de la violencia y la clasificación reactiva/proactiva, y que la impulsividad mediaría la relación entre la ira-estado y la clasificación reactiva/proactiva. Los resultados mostraron que el 79% de los agresores utilizaban la agresión reactiva y el 21% la proactiva. Los hombres con agresión reactiva mostraban una violencia más grave, dificultades en la regulación emocional, impulsividad e ira-estado. No hubo efectos moderadores de las variables estudiadas sobre la gravedad de la violencia y la clasificación reactiva/proactiva. La impulsividad medió totalmente en la relación entre la ira-estado y la clasificación reactiva/proactiva. Nuestros resultados apoyan las perspectivas que enfatizan la agresión reactiva en la violencia en las relaciones de pareja debido a su frecuencia y potenciales efectos de reincidencia. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Violência por Parceiro Íntimo , Agressão/classificação , Violência , Texas , Ira , Inquéritos e Questionários
9.
Psicothema (Oviedo) ; 35(4): 397-405, 2023. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-226989

RESUMO

Background: Loot boxes (LBs) are virtual objects that players open without knowing the value of the item they will obtain. Because of their features, studies have explored their association with gambling, finding commonalities. However, risk factors have been overlooked. This study examined risk factors associated with gambling as applied to LBs (gambling in the past year, having family/friends who use LBs/gamble, trait impulsivity, and sensation-seeking). Method: 253 participants (82.2% men) with a mean age of 28 years (SD = 12.11)—in three groups: gamblers (n = 89), LB purchasers (n = 63), and free-LB openers (n = 101)—completed a self-report. Results: Having family/friends who used LBs was related to increased engagement in opening LBs at no cost. However, having gambled in the past year or having family/friends who used LBs or who gambled was not associated with increased purchasing. Gamblers, LB purchasers, and LB openers scored equally highly on impulsivity and sensation-seeking. Because some gamblers used LBs, and LB purchasers also opened free-LBs, further analyses were performed to control for the effects of overlapping groups. Loot boxers had higher scores in sensation-seeking than gamblers. Conclusions: The results can contribute to the development of prevention and intervention strategies for LB users.(AU)


Antecedentes: Las loot boxes (LBs) son objetos virtuales que se abren desconociendo el valor del artículo que contienen. Aunque se han relacionado con el juego de azar, sus factores de riesgo apenas han sido explorados. Este estudio examina los factores de riesgo del juego de azar en LBs (jugar a juegos de azar, tener familiares/amigos que usan LBs/juegan a juegos de azar, impulsividad-rasgo y búsqueda de sensaciones). Método: 253 participantes (M = 28, DT = 12.11, 82.2% hombres), distribuidos en tres grupos: jugadores de azar (n = 89), compradores de LBs (n = 63) y abridores de LBs gratuitas (n = 101), completaron un autoinforme. Resultados: Tener familiares/amigos que usaban LBs se relacionaba con la apertura gratuita, pero jugar a juegos de azar o tener familiares/amigos que usaban LBs/jugaron a juegos de azar no se relacionaba con la compra. Los tres grupos puntuaron igual en impulsividad y búsqueda de sensaciones. Tras controlar el solapamiento (algunos jugadores de azar usaban LBs, y los compradores de LBs abrían LBs gratuitas), los loot boxers puntuaron más alto en búsqueda de sensaciones que los jugadores de azar. Conclusiones: Conocer las comunalidades entre LBs y juegos de azar puede contribuir a su prevención e intervención.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Jogo de Azar/psicologia , Jogos de Vídeo , Sensação , Fatores de Risco
10.
Adicciones (Palma de Mallorca) ; 35(1): 21-32, 2023. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-215862

RESUMO

El objetivo de este trabajo es comprobar si las recaídas dificultan lasecuencia de la recuperación psicológica y reconstruir la secuenciade la recuperación de pacientes graves que solicitan tratamiento.Los participantes fueron 159 pacientes tratados durante dos años enun programa ambulatorio intensivo y tras ser dados de alta fueronseguidos durante cuatro años. En función de la presencia o no derecaída durante el seguimiento se configuraron dos grupos, elde abstinentes (n = 80) y el de pacientes que recaen (n = 79). Lasevaluaciones se realizaron: basal, al alta del tratamiento, al 2.º y 4.ºaño de seguimiento. Las variables fueron: conductas de evitación,ansiedad, depresión, impulsividad y sentido de la vida. Se incluyó ungrupo de control (n = 74) que fue evaluado con la misma cadencia quelos pacientes. Los resultados indican una recuperación más lenta en elgrupo con recaídas frente a los abstinentes, en todas las dimensionespsicológicas y los períodos estudiados. A los dos años de seguimiento,los pacientes abstinentes obtuvieron puntuaciones en depresiónsimilares a los controles, además de puntuaciones superiores ensentido de la vida (MiL) a partir del final del tratamiento. Al menosen pacientes con dependencia grave del alcohol, nuestros resultadosapoyan una secuencia de recuperación que podría continuar másallá de los cuatro años de seguimiento. Se inicia con la evitaciónde situaciones de riesgo y continúa con el resto de las dimensiones(ansiedad, depresión, impulsividad). (AU)


The aim of this work is to determine if relapses can hinder thesequence of psychological recovery and to rebuild this sequence inpatients with severe alcohol dependence that seek treatment. Thesample was comprised of 159 patients seeking an intensive outpatienttreatment of two years duration and who were subject to follow-upduring four years after discharge. Patients were grouped accordingto the presence of relapse during follow-up, resulting in abstainers(n = 80) and relapsers (n = 79). Assessments were carried out in thefollowing periods: baseline, at discharge, and at the second- andfourth-year follow-ups. The measurement variables were avoidancebehavior, anxiety, depression, impulsivity and meaning in life (MiL).A control group (n = 74) was evaluated at the same periods as thepatients. Results indicate a slower recovery in relapsers in comparisonto abstainers in all psychological dimensions and periods assessed. Atthe second-year follow-up, the abstainers achieved similar scores indepression as the control participants, in addition to higher scoresin Meaning in Life at the end of treatment. In patients with severealcohol dependence, our data supports a sequence of recovery thatcould continue beyond the four years of follow-up after treatment.This sequence would begin with the avoidance of risk situations andcontinue with the rest of dimensions (anxiety, depression, impulsivity). (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Recuperação da Saúde Mental , Resultado do Tratamento , Cooperação e Adesão ao Tratamento/psicologia , Alcoolismo/psicologia , Alcoolismo/reabilitação , Alcoolismo/terapia , Abstinência de Álcool/psicologia , Qualidade de Vida/psicologia
11.
Psicothema (Oviedo) ; 35(2): 149-158, 2023. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-219695

RESUMO

Background: Although measures to prevent COVID-19 infection have been greatly relaxed in many countries, theyare still quite stringent in others. However, not all citizens comply with them to the same extent. Many studies showthe importance of personality traits in predicting compliance with these measures, but it is not so clear what the roleof intelligence is. Therefore, we aimed to assess whether intelligence is related to compliance with these measures,and what its predictive role is when considered together with the dark triad and dysfunctional impulsivity. Method:A total of 786 participants answered four questionnaires. We performed correlations, multiple regression analysis,and structural equation analysis. Results: Multiple regression analysis showed that psychopathy and dysfunctionalimpulsivity were the variables that contributed most to compliance, while intelligence contributed very little. The resultsof the structural equation modelling suggested that intelligence had only an indirect relationship with compliance,through its relationship with the negative personality traits dysfunctional impulsivity and the dark triad. Conclusions:Intelligence seems to modulate the relationship between negative personality traits and compliance. Therefore, moreintelligent people with negative personality traits would not tend to have such low levels of compliance.(AU)


Antecedentes: Las medidas para controlar la COVID-19 se han relajado en muchos países, pero algunos todavíamantienen medidas estrictas, aunque hay ciudadanos que las incumplen. Muchos estudios muestran la relevancia de losrasgos de personalidad en la predicción del cumplimiento, pero no está tan claro cuál es el rol de la inteligencia. Por eso,los objetivos eran evaluar si la inteligencia está relacionada con el cumplimiento, y cuál es su papel predictivo cuandose considera junto con la tríada oscura y la impulsividad disfuncional. Método: 786 participantes respondieron cuatrocuestionarios. Se realizaron correlaciones, regresión múltiple y análisis de ecuaciones estructurales. Resultados: Elanálisis de regresión mostró que la psicopatía y la impulsividad eran las variables con una mayor contribución, mientrasque la inteligencia contribuía de forma pobre. Los resultados del modelo de ecuaciones estructurales sugieren que lainteligencia tiene una relación indirecta con el cumplimiento, a través de su relación con la impulsividad disfuncionaly la tríada oscura. Conclusiones: La inteligencia parece modular la relación entre los rasgos negativos de personalidady el cumplimiento de las medidas preventivas, por lo que las personas más inteligentes, pero con rasgos negativos depersonalidad, no tenderían a tener niveles tan bajos de cumplimiento.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Personalidade , Pandemias , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Isolamento Social , Psicologia do Adolescente , Psicologia
12.
Psicol. conduct ; 30(3): 773-785, dic. 2022. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-213655

RESUMO

Los problemas del comportamiento impulsivo representan poderosos predictores de los resultados del tratamiento en adicciones. Sin embargo, no se dispone una evaluación exhaustiva de estas características en los resultados del tratamiento de deshabituación tabáquica. Este estudio pretende evaluar la capacidad de las dimensiones de la conducta impulsiva para predecir el riesgo y el número de recaídas. La muestra comprendió 141 fumadores (Medad= 47,3; DT= 8,31; 59% mujeres) en tratamiento psicofarmacológico de deshabituación tabáquica. Los participantes proporcionaron muestras de monóxido de carbono para determinar la abstinencia. Las diferentes dimensiones de impulsividad se evaluaron con una tarea Go/NoGo, la tarea de búsqueda y atención visual y una tarea de descuento por demora, mientras que la impulsividad autoinformada se evaluó con la Escala de impulsividad de Barratt. La impulsividad no planeada, los fallos de atención y el rendimiento en la tarea Go/NoGo se postulan entre los factores relacionados con el número de recaídas. Nuestros resultados contribuyen a la comprensión de componentes de reanudación del consumo y posibilitan la inferencia de la asiduidad al cuantificar las recaídas. (AU)


Impulsive behavior problems are powerful predictors of addiction treatment outcomes. However, a comprehensive assessment of these features has not been examined in relation to smoking cessation outcomes. This study aims to evaluate the capacity of impulsive behavior to predict the risk of relapse and the number of relapses for smokers. The sample comprised 141 participants (Mage= 47.3, SD= 8.31; 59% females) in psychopharmacology treatment for dependence to nicotine. Participants provided breath carbon monoxide samples for determining smoking throughout the study. The different impulsiveness dimensions were evaluated with a Go/NoGo task, the visual search and attention test and a delayed discount task, while self-informed impulsivity was assessed with Barratt’s Impulsiveness Scale. Unplanned impulsivity, attention failures and performance in the Go/NoGo task are postulated among the individual factors related to the number of relapses. Our results contribute to the understanding of relapse components and enable the inference of assiduity by quantifying relapse. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Fumar , Abandono do Uso de Tabaco , Comportamento Impulsivo , Abandono do Hábito de Fumar , Entrevistas como Assunto , Estudos Prospectivos
13.
Neurología (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 37(7): 513-523, Sep. 2022. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-207473

RESUMO

Introducción: La Escala de Impulsividad de Barratt (BIS) es un instrumento de autoinforme diseñado para evaluar la construcción de personalidad y comportamiento de la impulsividad. La impulsividad se ha asociado con varios trastornos psiquiátricos, como el trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH). Este estudio evalúa el progreso de la conducta de impulsividad en niños con TDAH después de una intervención dietética de 8 semanas con dieta mediterránea y/o suplemento de ácidos grasos omega-3, mediante el uso de la BIS-11 adaptada para niños (BIS-11c). Métodos: Este estudio transversal incluyó a 60 niños españoles con TDAH de la provincia de Madrid, España. Los participantes se dividieron en 4 grupos, un grupo de control (G1) y 3 grupos de intervención (dieta mediterránea [G2], suplemento de omega-3 [G3] y dieta mediterránea + suplemento de omega-3 [G4]). Se diseñó una dieta mediterránea personalizada para los grupos 2 y 4. Se administró BIS-11c para determinar los niveles de impulsividad y se usó el KIDMED para evaluar la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea. Resultados: El grupo suplemento mostró una caída bastante significativa (p = 0,049) en la puntuación total de Barratt después del seguimiento. La puntuación cognitiva total disminuyó ligeramente en los grupos de dieta y suplemento. Solo el grupo control tuvo una disminución notable con respecto a la puntuación total de la impulsividad motora. Las puntuaciones totales de «falta de planificación» fueron menores en todos los grupos tras la intervención. Las asociaciones entre las puntuaciones iniciales y finales del BIS-11c y los tratamientos presentaron una correlación positiva (r > 0,9). [...](AU)


Introduction: The Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) is a self-administered instrument designed to assess the personality/behavioural construct of impulsiveness. Impulsiveness has been associated with several psychiatric disorders, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study assesses the progression of impulsive behaviour in children with ADHD after an 8-week dietary intervention with the Mediterranean diet and/or omega-3 fatty acid supplementation, by using a version of the 11-item BIS adapted for children (BIS-11c). Methods: This cross-sectional study includes 60 children with ADHD from the region of Madrid, Spain. Participants were divided into 4 groups, with one control group (G1) and 3 intervention groups (Mediterranean diet [G2]; omega-3 supplementation [G3]; and Mediterranean diet plus omega-3 supplementation [G4]). A personalised Mediterranean diet was designed for members of groups 2 and 4. The BIS-11c was administered to determine the level of impulsiveness, and the KIDMED test was used to assess adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Results: The supplementation group showed a fairly significant decrease in the total BIS-11c (P = .049). Total cognitive score slightly decreased in the diet and supplementation groups. Only the control group showed a considerable decrease in the total motor score. Total nonplanning scores were lower in all groups after the intervention. Baseline and final BIS-11c scores were positively correlated with treatments (r > 0.9). Conclusion: An intake of 550 mg EPA fatty acid and 225 mg DHA fatty acid per day for 8 weeks is associated with less marked impulsive behaviour in children with ADHD. A Mediterranean diet may improve BIS scores, although our results are not conclusive in this population. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/terapia , Dieta Mediterrânea , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3 , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Espanha
14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35840286

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Differences in bulimic and impulsive behaviours in Eating Disorders (ED) have been associated with cortico-striatal circuit dysfunction at a neurobiological level. We sought to investigate neo-striatal volume as a biomarker in ED subgroups as well as the possible relationship with trauma history. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We studied 24 female patients: Anorexia Nervosa AN (n=8), Bulimia Nervosa BN (n=9), comorbid ED with borderline personality disorder (EDc; n=7), and a group of Healthy Controls (n=19). Binge eating behaviours and impulsivity scales were used to characterize our sample as well as Trauma Questionnaires and Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) volumetric manual measurements of caudate and putamen nuclei (striatum). RESULTS: Our preliminary results showed a significantly larger left putaminal volume in AN compared to the other three groups [C (p=0.008), BN (p<.001) and EDc (p=.001)] and a smaller right putaminal volume in EDc compared to controls (p=.045) and AN (p=.039). Some negative correlations were found between bilateral putaminal volumes and self-reported general and early traumatization scores. CONCLUSION: This pilot study suggested that striatal volumes might differentiate AN from BN and EDc at a neurobiological level with implications for treatment strategies. Larger scale studies should be carried out that allow replication of these data.


Assuntos
Anorexia Nervosa , Bulimia Nervosa , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos , Anorexia Nervosa/complicações , Anorexia Nervosa/diagnóstico por imagem , Biomarcadores , Bulimia Nervosa/complicações , Bulimia Nervosa/diagnóstico por imagem , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Humanos , Projetos Piloto
15.
Interdisciplinaria ; 39(1): 91-112, jun. 2022. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1360482

RESUMO

Resumen Este estudio tiene como objetivo explorar las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Impulsividad (UPPS-P) en su versión breve en una muestra de adultos argentinos. Se exploró su estructura factorial y consistencia interna, y su validez convergente con los estilos de pensamiento experiencial y racional, así como con la psicopatía. A su vez, se exploró la relación de la impulsividad con el narcisismo y maquiavelismo, controlando los puntajes en psicopatía. Para ello, se seleccionó una muestra intencional de adultos argentinos (n = 517) de entre 18 y 60 años (54 % femenino, edad media 27), reclutados mediante diversas redes sociales. Los participantes respondieron de forma online a dicha escala, a un inventario sociodemográfico, así como al Inventario Experiencial Racional y a la Escala de Personalidad Oscura. Los resultados obtenidos se procesaron con el programa SPSS 23, Factor 8.10 y AMOS 16.0. Un análisis en paralelo, sumado a análisis factoriales confirmatorios, revelaron una estructura de cuatro factores: urgencia, búsqueda de sensaciones, falta de premeditación y falta de perseverancia. El factor urgencia incluyó tanto la urgencia positiva como la urgencia negativa de la escala UPPS-P. La estructura factorial revelada se asemeja al UPPS, escala de impulsividad previa al UPPS-P, conformada por cuatro factores. Se conservó la totalidad de los ítems de la escala breve. Dos ítems presentaron mayor carga en un factor distinto al que pertenecían en la adaptación. Los valores del alfa de Cronbach fueron adecuados, lo cual aseguró la consistencia interna. El alfa de Cronbach de la escala total fue .79. La escala reveló validez convergente con los puntajes de psicopatía y del Inventario Experiencial Racional. Se observaron correlaciones parciales significativas entre maquiavelismo y narcisismo, y diferentes dimensiones de impulsividad, controlando psicopatía. Se demuestra que la escala de impulsividad en su versión breve mantiene adecuadas propiedades psicométricas en una muestra de adultos argentinos.


Abstract This study aimed to explore the psychometric properties of the Impulsive Behavior Scale (UPPS-P) in its short version in a sample of Argentinean adults. Its factor structure and internal consistency were explored, as well as its convergent validity with experiential and rational thinking styles, along with psychopathy. At the same time, the relationship of impulsivity with narcissism and Machiavellianism was explored, controlling the scores in psychopathy. An intentional sample of Argentinean adults (N = 517) between 18 and 60 years old (54 % female, mean age 27) was selected. Participants responded on-line to this scale, a sociodemographic inventory, as well as to the Rational Experiential Inventory and the Dark Personality Scale. The results obtained were processed with the programs SPSS 23, Factor 8.10, and AMOS 16.0. The sample was randomly divided into two groups of n = 217 and n = 300. An exploratory factorial analysis was first performed on the first group, as a calibration study. After that, a confirmatory analysis was performed on the second group, as a replication study, since there are no previous studies on this subject in Argentina. A parallel analysis was first carried out with the Factor 8.10 program. A number of replications = 100 and percentile representation of simulations = .95 were used. Regarding the exploratory factor analysis, The Unweighted Least Squares method was used along with a Promin rotation. The final solution showed a structure of four factors: urgency, sensation seeking, lack of premeditation, and lack of perseverance, explaining 56 % of the variance. Each of these factors explained 16 %, 24 %, 10 %, and 6 % of the variance, respectively. The urgency factor included both the positive and negative urgency of the UPPS-P scale. The factor structure revealed is similar to the UPPS, a scale of impulsivity prior to the UPPS-P, made up of four factors. All items on the short scale were retained. Two items loaded better on a different factor. Cronbach's Alphas were adequate, ensuring internal consistency. Cronbach's α of the full scale was .79. Internal consistency was analyzed, resulting in Cronbach's α values of .76 for Emergency; .75 for Sensation Search; .69 for Lack of Premeditation, and .74 for Lack of Perseverance. The resulting Cronbach α values are similar to those of the Spanish version, which presented internal consistencies between .61 and .79. Subsequently, based on the factor structure found, confirmatory factor analysis was carried out on the second group sample. A relatively good fit was found for the model, with CFI and TLI values above .90 and the SRMR and RMSEA below .05. The authors' original model, which includes five factors, was also tested. The fit was less satisfactory compared to the previous model, because of the CFI, TLI, SRMR, and RMSEA indicators, and the difference in ∆ from the models, which was statistically significant at the p < .001 level. Finally, a second-order model was tested with all four dimensions as first-order latent variables and impulsivity as second-order latent variables. The fit was relatively satisfactory, with CFI and TLI above .90 and SRMR and RMSEA below .05. Thus, the present adjustment revealed a second-order factor, as did the English short version of the UPPS-P (Cyders et al., 2014). The scale revealed convergent validity with the scores of psychopathy and the Rational Experiential Inventory. Psychopathy resulted positively related to impulsivity. In turn, the correlations between the dimensions of impulsivity and those of the Rational Experiential Inventory were negative with the rational thinking style -excluding sensation seeking- and positive with the significant ones of the experiential style. Significant partial correlations were observed between machiavellianism and narcissism and different dimensions of impulsivity, controlling psychopathy scores. It is demonstrated that the impulsivity scale in its short version maintains adequate psychometric properties in a sample of Argentinean adults.

16.
Rev. psiquiatr. salud ment. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 15(2): 65-73, abr.-jun. 2022. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-206809

RESUMO

Introduction: Differences in bulimic and impulsive behaviours in Eating Disorders (ED) have been associated with cortico-striatal circuit dysfunction at a neurobiological level. We sought to investigate neo-striatal volume as a biomarker in ED subgroups as well as the possible relationship with trauma history.Material and methods: We studied 24 female patients: Anorexia Nervosa AN (n=8), Bulimia Nervosa BN (n=9), comorbid ED with borderline personality disorder (EDc; n=7), and a group of Healthy Controls (n=19). Binge eating behaviours and impulsivity scales were used to characterize our sample as well as Trauma Questionnaires and Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) volumetric manual measurements of caudate and putamen nuclei (striatum).Results: Our preliminary results showed a significantly larger left putaminal volume in AN compared to the other three groups [C (p=0.008), BN (p<.001) and EDc (p=.001)] and a smaller right putaminal volume in EDc compared to controls (p=.045) and AN (p=.039).Some negative correlations were found between bilateral putaminal volumes and self-reported general and early traumatization scores.Conclusion: This pilot study suggested that striatal volumes might differentiate AN from BN and EDc at a neurobiological level with implications for treatment strategies. Larger scale studies should be carried out that allow replication of these data. (AU)


Introducción: Las diferencias en comportamientos bulímicos e impulsivos de los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA) se han relacionado, desde el punto de vista neurobiológico con una disfunción córtico-estriatal. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar el volumen neo-estriatal como un biomarcador de los subgrupos de TCA, así como la posible relación con antecedentes traumáticos.Material y métodos: Se estudiaron 24 pacientes con diagnósticos de anorexia nerviosa (AN, n=8); bulimia nerviosa (BN, n=9); TCA comórbido con trastorno límite de la personalidad (TCAc; n=7), y un grupo de controles sanos (n=19). Se utilizaron escalas de impulsividad y comportamiento bulímico para caracterizar a la muestra, así como escalas de trauma y medidas volumétricas de trazado manual de los núcleos caudado y del putamen (estriado) de imágenes de resonancia magnética (RM).Resultados: Nuestros resultados preliminares mostraron un volumen del putamen izquierdo significativamente mayor en las pacientes con AN comparado con el resto de los grupos (C [p<0,008], BN [p<0,001] y TCAc [p<0,001]) y un volumen del putamen derecho menor en el grupo TCAc comparado con los controles. Se encontraron algunas correlaciones negativas entre el volumen del putamen bilateral y algunas puntuaciones auto-referidas de escalas de trauma.Conclusiones:Este estudio piloto sugiere que los volúmenes estriatales podrían diferenciar las pacientes AN, BN y TCAc a un nivel neurobiológico, lo que puede tener implicaciones beneficiosas de cara a las estrategias de tratamiento. Sin embargo, serán necesarios estudios a mayor escala que permitan replicar estos datos. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Comportamento Alimentar , Transtorno da Personalidade Borderline , Bulimia , Neuroimagem
17.
Sanid. mil ; 78(1): 15-21, enero 2022. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-211175

RESUMO

La toma de decisiones en situaciones extremas es un proceso ejecutivo superior que implica muchos factores como el control deimpulsos, la valoración de riesgo o la flexibilidad cognitiva, entre otros, para trasladar la atención a diferentes aspectos de un estímulo. La mayoría de los estudios de toma de decisiones en situaciones extremas se basan en observar cómo los expertos realizandiversas tareas en un entorno natural en tiempo real. En situaciones de combate las tripulaciones de unidades acorazadas realizanla toma de decisiones bajo condiciones complejas y elevados niveles de estrés. El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar las variables quecomponen estos procesos ejecutivos superiores para obtener una descripción clara del perfil experto requerido para los puestos detripulación de carro de combate y así poder diseñar posteriormente programas de entrenamiento que mejoren estas capacidades.Método: se llevó a cabo un estudio con un grupo de tripulantes (n=23) y un grupo control (n=26). Cada uno de ellos realizó trestareas neurocognitivas de ordenador que evaluaban impulsividad, flexibilidad y valoración de riesgo (Go/NoGo, Iowa test y Switchtask). Resultados: se muestran diferencias significativas en la medida de errores de omisión, siendo el grupo de tripulantes el quecometió más errores en estos ensayos (t=5.795; p<0.020). En el resto de medidas no se encontraron diferencias entre ambos grupos.Conclusiones: Según estos resultados los tripulantes de Leopardo 2E presentan más errores de omisión, lo que parece estar relacionado con un mayor control inhibitorio de sus respuestas de ataque. (AU)


Decision making in extreme situations is a superior executive process involving many factors, impulse control, risk assessment andcognitive flexibility to shift attention to different aspects of a stimulus. Most studies of decision making in extreme situations arebased on observing how experts perform various tasks in a natural environment in real time. In combat situations, crews from armored units carry out decision-making under complex conditions and high levels of stress. The objective of this work is to evaluate thevariables that make up these superior executive processes to obtain a clear description of the expert profile required for combat tankcrew positions and thus, to design training programs that improve these capabilities. Method: a study was carried out with a groupof crews (n=23) and a control group (n=26). Each of them performed three neurocognitive computer tasks that assessed impulsivity,flexibility and risk assessment (Go/noGo, Iowa test and Switch task). Results: significant differences are shown in the measurementof omission errors in these trials (t=5.795; p<0.020). In the rest of measures, no differences were found between the two groups.Conclusions: according to these results, the Leopard 2E crew show more errors of omission, which seems to be related to a greaterinhibitory control of their attack responses. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Maleabilidade , Tomada de Decisões
18.
Rev. psicol. clín. niños adolesc ; 9(1): 54-61, Enero 2022. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-204761

RESUMO

La impulsividad y la toma de riesgos son dos factores de personalidad estrechamente asociados y que han sido relacionados con el consumode alcohol. Sin embargo, son escasos los estudios que evalúan de manera longitudinal la relación de estas variables sobre el consumo de alcohol en adolescentes latinoamericanos. Esta investigación examinó, atendiendo a las diferencias en función del sexo, el efecto prospectivo dela impulsividad rasgo (Urgencia Positiva, Urgencia Negativa, Falta de Premeditación, Falta de Perseverancia y Búsqueda de Sensaciones) y latoma de riesgos sobre el consumo de alcohol en adolescentes argentinos. Participaron 953 estudiantes de 11 a 16 años al inicio del estudio(M edad= 13.31 ± 0.96; 55.2% mujeres) residentes en Córdoba capital (Argentina). Se realizaron dos recogidas de datos separadas por unperíodo de 12 meses. En la primera recolección, los participantes informaron de su consumo de alcohol durante los últimos doce meses, completaron la Prueba de Riesgo Analógico con Globos y respondieron una encuesta sobre impulsividad rasgo (Escala de impulsividad UPPS-P).En la segunda evaluación reportaron su consumo de alcohol durante el último año. En función del consumo de alcohol en los dos tiempos se losclasificó en: Abstemios, Nuevos Bebedores, Bebedores Regulares y Nuevos Abstemios. Los resultados muestran que las distintas dimensionesde la impulsividad (en particular la Búsqueda de Sensaciones), en ambos sexos, y la toma de riesgos, en mujeres, permitieron distinguir entrequienes nunca consumieron alcohol y las restantes modalidades de consumo. Los hallazgos tienen implicancias prácticas para el desarrollo deintervenciones destinadas a adolescentes con elevados niveles de impulsividad y toma de riesgos, atendiendo especialmente a las diferencias en función del sexo. (AU)


Impulsivity and risk taking are personality traits associated to alcohol use. However, there is a scarcity of longitudinal studies evaluating how these factors affect alcohol use inLatin-American adolescents. The present study aimed at identifying, separately by sex, the prospective role of trait-like impulsivity (PositiveUrgency, Negative Urgency, Lack of Premeditation, Lack of Perseverance and Sensation Seeking) and risk taking on drinking patterns inArgentinian adolescents. High school students (n= 953, M age= 13.31 ± 0.96; range= 11-16 years old; 55.2% woman) from Cordoba (Argentina) participated in the study. There were two data collections, separated by a period of, approximately, 12 months. In the first data collection, the participants reported their alcohol consumption during the last twelve months and completed the Balloon Analogue Risk Task. Theyalso completed a psychometric measure of impulsivity-like trait trait (UPPS-P Impulsivity Scale). In the second data collection, they reportedtheir alcohol consumption during the last year. Participants were categorized, based on their alcohol use across waves, as Abstainers, NewDrinkers, Regular Drinkers or Former Drinkers. The results indicate that trait-like impulsivity (particularly Sensation Seeking), in both sexes,and risk taking, in women, distinguished between the drinking categories and the Abstainers category. This information could be relevant forthe development of sex-specific interventions targeting adolescents with high levels of impulsivity and risk taking. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Consumo de Álcool por Menores , Comportamento Impulsivo , Medição de Risco , Distribuição por Sexo , Argentina
19.
Neurologia (Engl Ed) ; 37(7): 513-523, 2022 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34656505

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) is a self-administered instrument designed to assess the personality/behavioural construct of impulsiveness. Impulsiveness has been associated with several psychiatric disorders, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study assesses the progression of impulsive behaviour in children with ADHD after an 8-week dietary intervention with the Mediterranean diet and/or omega-3 fatty acid supplementation, by using a version of the 11-item BIS adapted for children (BIS-11c). METHODS: This cross-sectional study includes 60 children with ADHD from the region of Madrid, Spain. Participants were divided into 4 groups, with one control group and 3 intervention groups (Mediterranean diet; omega-3 supplementation; and Mediterranean diet plus omega-3 supplementation). A personalised Mediterranean diet was designed for members of groups 2 and 4. The BIS-11c was administered to determine the level of impulsiveness, and the KIDMED test was used to assess adherence to the Mediterranean diet. RESULTS: The supplementation group showed a fairly significant decrease in the total BIS-11c (P = .049). Total cognitive score slightly decreased in the diet and supplementation groups. Only the control group showed a considerable decrease in the total motor score. Total nonplanning scores were lower in all groups after the intervention. Baseline and final BIS-11c scores were positively correlated with treatments (r > 0.9). CONCLUSION: An intake of 550 mg EPA fatty acid and 225 mg DHA fatty acid per day for 8 weeks is associated with less marked impulsive behaviour in children with ADHD. A Mediterranean diet may improve BIS scores, although our results are not conclusive in this population.


Assuntos
Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade , Dieta Mediterrânea , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3 , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/epidemiologia , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Ácidos Graxos , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/uso terapêutico , Humanos
20.
Psico (Porto Alegre) ; 53(1): 37260, 2022.
Artigo em Português | LILACS, Index Psicologia - Periódicos | ID: biblio-1412175

RESUMO

Devido à alta taxa de jovens envolvidos em acidentes de trânsito, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as relações entre estilos parentais, impulsividade e comportamentos de direção em uma amostra de 292 jovens adultos. Os dados foram coletados por meio do Inventário de Estilos Parentais, do Questionário do Comportamento do motorista e da Escala de Impulsividade de Barrat. Os resultados mostraram uma correlação negativa (p < 0,01) entre estilos maternos positivos com o comportamento de risco no trânsito e uma correlação positiva (p < 0,01) entre impulsividade e comportamento de risco, de forma que o baixo controle inibitório apresentou interação com práticas parentais negativas e associação significativa (p = 0,04) com erros, lapsos e violações no trânsito. Os modelos de regressão linear múltipla apontaram que os estilos parentais e a impulsividade são preditores do comportamento de risco do motorista.


Due to the high rate of young adults involved in traffic accidents, the aim of this study was to evaluate the relations among parenting styles, impulsiveness and driving behaviour in a sample of 292 young adults. Data was collected using the Parenting Style Inventory, the Driver Behaviour Questionnaire and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale. The results showed a negative correlation (p <0.01) between positive maternal styles with traffic risk behaviour and a positive correlation (p <0.01) between impulsiveness and risk behaviour, with low inhibitory control showing interaction with negative parenting practices and statistically significant association (p = 0.04) with errors, lapses and traffic violations. Multiple linear regression models indicate that parenting styles and impulsivity are predictors of risk behaviour in drivers.


Debido a la alta tasa de jóvenes involucrados en accidentes de tránsito, el objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar las relaciones entre los estilos parentales, impulsividad y comportamientos de dirección en una muestra de 292 adultos jóvenes adultos. Los datos se recopilaron a través del Inventario de Estilos Parentales, Cuestionario de Comportamiento del Conductor y Escala de Impulsividad de Barrat. Los resultados presentaron una correlación negativa (p <0.01) entre estilos maternos positivos con el comportamiento de riesgo en el tránsito y una correlación positiva (p <0.01) entre impulsividad y comportamiento de riesgo, de forma que el bajo control inhibitorio presentó interacción con prácticas parentales negativas y asociación significativa (p = 0.04) con errores, lapsos y violaciones de tránsito. Los modelos de regresión linear múltipla apuntaron que los estilos parentales y la impulsividad son predictores del comportamiento de riesgo del conductor.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Acidentes de Trânsito , Pais/psicologia , Comportamento Perigoso , Adulto Jovem
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